Which act is intended to protect data from unauthorized access and modifications?

The act that is primarily intended to protect data from unauthorized access and modifications is centered around the principles of information security. Information security encompasses a broad range of practices and principles designed to safeguard data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. It focuses on implementing measures and policies that prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing sensitive information or altering it without permission.

The core aim of information security is to ensure that only authorized users can access data and that any data in transit or at rest remains secure against unauthorized modification. This is achieved through various means such as encryption, access controls, authentication mechanisms, and regular security audits.

In contrast, the other options mentioned may deal with aspects of data privacy or protection but do not specifically encapsulate the comprehensive strategies and techniques used to secure data against unauthorized access and alterations as effectively as the concept of information security does.