What technique involves creating multiple backups of critical components to ensure consistent service?

Redundancy is a technique utilized to enhance the reliability and availability of services by creating multiple backups or alternative components. This ensures that if one component fails, another can take over, minimizing downtime and maintaining service consistency. Redundant systems can include hardware redundancy (such as having multiple servers or network components) as well as data redundancy (like keeping multiple copies of crucial data). This practice is essential in critical systems where continuous service is needed, as it protects against single points of failure.

In contrast, data integrity refers to the accuracy and consistency of data, but it does not specifically relate to maintaining consistent service through duplication. System isolation involves separating systems to limit risk exposure, typically for security reasons, while data encryption focuses on securing data from unauthorized access, which, while important, does not ensure service availability or reliability. Thus, redundancy is the fundamental technique here that specifically caters to service continuity through multiple backups.