What defines an organization's approach to managing risks and protecting information?

The correct answer, which is security controls, encapsulates the framework an organization uses to manage risks and protect information effectively. Security controls are the measures and mechanisms implemented to reduce, manage, and monitor risks associated with information assets. These controls can be technical (such as firewalls, encryption, and access controls), administrative (such as policies and procedures), or physical (such as locks and surveillance systems).

Implementing security controls is foundational to an organization's risk management strategy. They serve as protective barriers against potential threats, helping to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information. By establishing these controls, organizations can create a structured environment that responds to threats based on assessed risks, thus advancing their overall security posture.

While security policies outline the rules and guidelines necessary for maintaining security, incident response focuses on how to handle security breaches once they occur, and compliance standards ensure adherence to laws and regulations. However, it is the security controls that directly define the proactive measures taken to reduce risks and protect valuable information within the organization.